Felix Hoffmann, a chemist at the German pharmaceutical company Bayer, synthesized acetylsalicylic acid in a pure and stable form in 1897. Bayer patented the drug on March 6, 1899 under the name "Aspirin," issued in the US as patent 644,077, on 27 February 1900. It quickly became the world's most widely used medication (and it is today as of 2017). Aspirin was touted for its pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. It was indicated for a variety of conditions, including headache, dental pain, menstrual cramps, muscle and joint aches, and fever. Aspirin started as powder, but soon enough was pressed into tablets with the iconic Bayer logo. In the 1970s, studies began to reveal its potential in preventing heart attacks, leading to its use in low doses for cardiovascular protection. In 1982, Sir John Vane won a Nobel Prize for discovering aspirin's action in inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Today, Aspirin is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, highlighting its importance in global health. It's estimated that annually, over 60 billion Aspirin tablets (35,000+ tons) are consumed worldwide, and a trillion since 100 years, underscoring its enduring impact on medicine. Its adoption for cardiovascular disease prevention and its role in pain and fever management make it a cornerstone of modern therapy. More: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aspirin Art&Text🫶ChatGPT.

Rare diseases are defined by their low prevalence in the population, leading to challenges in diagnosis, research, and treatment. Definitions vary; in the US, a disease is rare if it affects fewer than 1:1,500 individuals, Europe 1:2,000, Japan 1:2,500. There are some 7,000 rare diseases, impacting around 6-8% of the world at some point, some 300 million currently. They are incredibly diverse, ranging from genetic disorders to rare cancers, and can be chronic, progressive, debilitating, and often life-threatening. Some well-known rare diseases include cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Huntington's disease, each with their own unique symptoms, treatment challenges, and research needs. Rare diseases are closely related to orphan diseases, a term that originally referred to diseases neglected by drug developers due to the small market potential. However, the terms are now often used interchangeably. Legislation such as the Orphan Drug Act of 1983 in the U.S. has incentivized pharmaceutical companies to develop treatments for rare (orphan) diseases, offering benefits like tax credits and exclusive marketing rights. The rarity and diversity of these diseases pose significant hurdles for research and clinical trials, Raising awareness and support for those affected are crucial for research funding to develop diagnostics, treatments, and hopefully cures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_disease Art+Text supported by ChatGPT

"Reinventing Organizations" is a book by Frederic Laloux that delves into the evolution of human consciousness and how it has shaped organizational structures through history. Organizations span a range from impulsive (red) to pluralistic (green), and a new, evolutionary level called "teal" introduced. Laloux researched 50+ organizations he considers in the teal stage and describes their management practices. Teal organizations' principles are self-management, wholeness, and evolutionary purpose. Self-management removes traditional hierarchies in favor of decentralized decision-making. Wholeness encourages employees to bring their full selves to work, rather than a professional persona. Evolutionary purpose means the organization adapts and grows, driven by its own inherent direction, not a fixed goal. Laloux's inspiration can be traced back to earlier management thinkers and human development psychologists, such as Ken Wilber's Integral Theory, along with the developmental models of Clare W. Graves and the subsequent Spiral Dynamics of Don Beck and Chris Cowan. They have been criticized, lack mainstream academic support, and compared to a cult. The book has inspired business leaders to rethink traditional management practices and explore more holistic, adaptive, empowering ways to organize work, and influenced small startups to large corporations to adopt more conscious practices. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinventing_Organizations Art&Text🫶ChatGPT.