Rare diseases are defined by their low prevalence in the population, leading to challenges in diagnosis, research, and treatment. Definitions vary; in the US, a disease is rare if it affects fewer than 1:1,500 individuals, Europe 1:2,000, Japan 1:2,500. There are some 7,000 rare diseases, impacting around 6-8% of the world at some point, some 300 million currently. They are incredibly diverse, ranging from genetic disorders to rare cancers, and can be chronic, progressive, debilitating, and often life-threatening. Some well-known rare diseases include cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Huntington's disease, each with their own unique symptoms, treatment challenges, and research needs. Rare diseases are closely related to orphan diseases, a term that originally referred to diseases neglected by drug developers due to the small market potential. However, the terms are now often used interchangeably. Legislation such as the Orphan Drug Act of 1983 in the U.S. has incentivized pharmaceutical companies to develop treatments for rare (orphan) diseases, offering benefits like tax credits and exclusive marketing rights. The rarity and diversity of these diseases pose significant hurdles for research and clinical trials, Raising awareness and support for those affected are crucial for research funding to develop diagnostics, treatments, and hopefully cures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_disease Art+Text supported by ChatGPT